Which statement about nitrification is correct?

Nitrification is a critical process in the nitrogen cycle that involves the conversion of ammonia to nitrites and, subsequently, to nitrates. This transformation is carried out by nitrifying bacteria, which play a pivotal role in maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth. These bacteria, primarily Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, thrive in aerobic conditions and are essential for converting the ammonia produced from organic sources or through fertilizer application into forms that plants can readily absorb and utilize.

The process does not occur under dry conditions, as adequate moisture is necessary for the bacteria to function effectively. Additionally, nitrification does not involve the conversion of nitrates back into ammonia; rather, it progresses from ammonia to nitrites and then to nitrates. Soil compaction is also not a direct result of nitrification; however, it can affect soil structure and the health of microbial communities within the soil. Thus, the accuracy of the statement regarding nitrifying bacteria accurately describes the mechanism of nitrification.