What can cause changes in soil structure?

Changes in soil structure can be significantly influenced by factors such as compaction, tilth, root growth, and water movement. Compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space and affecting water infiltration and root growth. This is often caused by heavy machinery or livestock grazing on wet soils.

Tilth refers to the physical condition of the soil in relation to its suitability for planting and growing crops, which can be influenced by the way soil is managed. Practices like tilling can improve tilth by breaking up compacted soil layers, while poor management can degrade it.

Root growth contributes to soil structure through biological processes. Plant roots create channels in the soil as they grow, enhancing aeration and water movement. Additionally, the organic matter from decomposing roots improves soil aggregation, which is essential for good structure.

Water movement through the soil also plays a crucial role. When water infiltrates and percolates through soil, it can cause soil particles to shift and rearrange, affecting the overall structure. This process is essential for nutrient delivery and overall soil health.

While pest activity, increased rainfall, and seasonal temperature fluctuations may impact soils, they do not directly encapsulate the key interactions that primarily influence soil structure as comprehensively as compaction,